American Historical Society of Germans From Russia
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FAQs

 

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How can I start researching my German-Russian family?
2. What is the correct spelling of my family's name?
3. When and why did German Russians go to Russia?
4. When and why did the German Russians leave Russia?
5. Where did the German Russians settle in the Americas?
6. Where is village xyz on a current map of Russia?
7. Why were there so many Germans in Poland?
8. What connections do German Russians have to Prussia?
9. Why didn't my grandparents talk about their German-Russian heritage?
10. Why did my relatives speak German instead of Russian?
11. What books will help me research my German Russian heritage?
12. What happened to the Germans living in the Soviet Union prior to and during World War II?
13. How do I get in contact with my relatives who stayed in Russia? How do I find if I even have any relatives there?
14. Is/Are the German-Russian village(s) still there and can I visit them?
15. Are there tours to Russia to the place(s) where my ancestors lived?
16. What other research tools for German Russians are available to me on-line?
17. How do I get a hold of familial records in Russia?
18. Where did my ancestors come from in Germany?
19. How do I become a member of AHSGR and what does membership mean?
20. What is a village coordinator?
21. What census lists are available for research?
22. Why isn't this information available from the Russian Archives now?
23. Are there any Germans still living in Russia and if so where?
24. What is the basic German genealogical vocabulary?

1. How can I start researching my German-Russian family?

Beginners should do two things when beginning to research one's family: interview relatives and read a book on performing genealogical research. It is very important to talk to your relatives while they are still living, as they know more about your family than any other source. Check out a comprehensive book on genealogy research from the library to give yourself a basis for your research and to familiarize yourself with the various documents used in genealogical research.

Gather all information you already have from various sources. If you use a computer, you may wish to purchase genealogical software to aid in organizing your information. There are many on-line sites that can be helpful in researching your family history as well. AHSGR's homepage address is http://www.ahsgr.org/. Document all sources you utilize, as this helps you to direct your research more efficiently.

Keep in mind a general rule of genealogy is to go from the known to the unknown and not the other way around. Begin your research with yourself and the family history that you know of or can obtain from living relatives. Use the family Bible, census or birth records to fill gaps you may have in your family tree. Attempt to find out when your relatives immigrated to the Americas and where they lived in Russia before you seek to obtain information from Russia.

Another general rule is to do as much research locally as possible. Use your local LDS Family History Center, library, interlibrary loan, genealogical society, etc., to their fullest extent before you write or travel to distant archives or churches. It is usually cheaper and often more efficient, and it will make subsequent research more productive.

2. What is the correct spelling of my family's name?

It is often very difficult to determine the original spelling of a surname or first name, for a number of reasons. If one is researching Russian records, oftentimes the German surname of an individual was recorded by a Russian official in the Cyrillic alphabet. The dialect spoken by the Germans in Russia also provides for variations of spellings in both German and Russian. When taking the English transliteration of these German or Russian spellings, more changes commonly occur and, of course, when individuals came to the United States names were written as understood by the immigration official.

In researching ancestors' first names, it is also helpful to consider the second name as well as nicknames and alternate spellings, as many families gave the same first name to more than one son or daughter.

3. When and why did Germans go to Russia?

Although Germany was not unified as a nation until 1871, the German principalities and kingdoms have historically shared an inextricable link with Russia. For centuries Germans have lived within the borders of Russia. The Germans were especially prominent in the Baltic States where they were the landowners. During the time of Peter the Great, many Germans were appointed to government advisory positions. However, under Elizabeth I, government positions were purged of their foreign, primarily German, officers.

On December 4, 1762, Catherine the Great issued a Manifesto inviting Western Europeans to settle in Russia. However, it was her second Manifesto of July 22, 1763, which offered transportation to Russia, religious and political autonomy, and land that incited many Western Europeans, mostly Germans, to migrate to Russia. This Manifesto was issued after the end of the Seven Years' War in which German peasants suffered many losses. Conditions among the German people were very unstable. At that time, the area that is now Germany was a conglomeration of more than 300 principalities and dukedoms which frequently changed hands, and therefore religions, as well. Many German peasants, seeking a way to practice their chosen religion and to improve their social standing, accepted the offer to settle in Russia.

The first wave of migration occurred in the Volga River region beginning in 1764. By the late 1760s some isolated settlements were already founded in South Russia. Hutterites first settled in Russia in 1770 and Mennonites began to settle in Russia by 1789. In 1803, Alexander I reissued the Manifesto of Catherine II, prompting another wave of migration, primarily into South Russia. By the mid-nineteenth century the areas of Volhynia, Crimea, and the Caucasus were being settled by Germans. Beginning in the late nineteenth century and continuing into the first decade of this century, settlements were being founded by Germans in Siberia. At the end of the nineteenth century Russia had a population of approximately 1.8 million Germans

See our store or our Books page for a listing of books available for sale or a comprehensive list of books on this subject.

4. When and why did the German Russians leave Russia?

When Alexander II revoked the privileges offered to the Germans who had settled in Russia more than a century earlier, such as exemption from military service, the emigration of the Germans from Russia to the Americas began. 1872 was the beginning of a large wave of emigration of Germans from Russia as a result of the social conditions in Russia. There was a growing sentiment of hostility towards foreigners, particularly Germans, and a policy of Russification was adopted to make the populations in the empire more Russian. Later emigrants left Russia due to worsening living conditions, caused by war and famine. See our store or our Books page for a listing of books available for sale or a comprehensive list of books on this subject.

5. Where did the German Russians settle in the Americas?

The first settlers came to the Midwest of the United States Illinois, Nebraska, Kansas, and the Dakotas as this region resembled the areas they had left behind in Russia. These immigrants spread out to settle in Colorado, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, California, Oklahoma and Texas. Immigration to Canada, Brazil and Argentina quickly followed. Many who immigrated to South America had first attempted to settle in North America but were turned away due to disease.

6. Where is village xyz on a current map of Russia?

Many German villages no longer appear on present-day maps of Russia, as most were destroyed